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富国银行11月24日起将AI智能体损失转嫁客户;Okta商机储备增34%,市场押注正在于此

花旗集团、摩根大通、美国银行、富国银行与嘉信理财正把第三方AI智能体挡在客户资金之外,富国银行的新条款更把智能体欺诈损失推给客户。市场愿意买单的缺口是验证:证明智能体确是智能体、依人类授权行事,且行为不超出银行可强制执行的限额。

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Richard TangRichard Tang · 3 min read
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富国银行首席执行官查尔斯·沙夫在众议院金融服务委员会作证,坐在麦克风后,面前的名牌上写着“Mr. Scharf”。
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富国银行首席执行官查尔斯·沙夫在众议院金融服务委员会作证。自11月24日起,该行更新后的在线访问协议将任何AI智能体交易均视为已获授权。

本周,美国最大的几家零售银行并未拒绝AI智能体,而是给它们立了规矩。花旗集团−1.57% — 花旗集团, down 1.57 percent today、摩根大通−1.46% — 摩根大通, down 1.46 percent today、美国银行−0.88% — 美国银行, down 0.88 percent today、富国银行−0.66% — 富国银行, down 0.66 percent today、摩根士丹利−2.32% — 摩根士丹利, down 2.32 percent today和嘉信理财均已采取行动,将第三方智能体挡在客户账户之外123。富国银行走得最远:其更新后的在线访问协议自11月24日生效,把智能体执行的任何交易都视为已授权,包括那些“你并不想要或并非本意”的交易,并让客户对监督智能体“负全责”1。

背后的推手是缺失的协议,而非对AI的怀疑。银行能核验密码,却依然无从知晓密码背后究竟是人,是奉命行事的智能体,还是擅自发挥的智能体27。

银行几天之内筑起高墙

花旗只允许智能体通过经认可的开放银行服务商获得只读权限;摩根大通允许通过银行数据公司Plaid以只读方式调取数据,智能体无权转移资金13。“我们不会允许随便一个外部智能体接入,”摩根大通首席执行官杰米·戴蒙本月表示2。

美国银行的布莱恩·莫伊尼汉主张每笔支付在清算前都须有人类授权1;嘉信理财则每天都在拦截主流智能体触碰客户资金的尝试,用首席执行官里克·沃斯特的话说,这家券商要的是“对身份验证的控制权”2。此轮封堵的导火索,是有关智能体脱离用户指令自行行动的报道2,银行最终落回一条至今有效的老规则:密码一旦共享,其后发生的一切都算作已获授权2。

高墙之外,消费早已开始

智能体商务(agentic commerce)——由软件智能体替个人购物、付款——并未停下来等待。Meta−1.36% — Meta, down 1.36 percent today的Muse智能体本月用户数突破1000万;Muse上的购物者单笔消费平均超过200美元,如此体量促使Stripe上调了限额4。在金融服务和软件行业,已有三分之二的首席信息安全官将智能体AI列入前三大风险1。

Evercore对网络安全渠道合作伙伴的调查显示,这些转售商最先看到客户的采购动向:临近年底,安全预算持续走强,身份保护高居优先事项之首,而Okta+5.93% — Okta, up 5.93 percent today的商机储备动能在这项调查中最为强劲,环比净增34%5。这实际上是在押注转折:Okta的营收增速已连续两年放缓9,而市场已于周五开始为这笔押注买单10。

Okta营收增速自2023年以来腰斩;渠道调查押注拐点将至

10%15%20%25%2023Q42024Q22024Q42025Q22025Q42026Q210.6%Evercore渠道伙伴报告商机储备增长最强劲
Data
Okta
2023Q321.4%
2023Q418.6%
2024Q119.1%
2024Q216.2%
2024Q313.9%
2024Q412.7%
2025Q111.5%
2025Q212.7%
2025Q311.6%
2025Q411.6%
2026Q111.2%
2026Q210.6%
Okta营收增速自2023年以来腰斩;渠道调查押注拐点将至5,9

市场周五为安全押注买单:Palo Alto Networks、CrowdStrike、Okta齐涨

0%2%4%6%Palo Alto Networks6%CrowdStrike6%Okta5%
Data
Value
Palo Alto Networks6%
CrowdStrike6%
Okta5%
2026年10月23日(周五)的单日股价变动。此前Evercore渠道调查显示年底安全需求走强,身份保护是头号优先事项。数据来源:TIKR,经雅虎财经。10

高墙的大门是一道凭证,总有人会来卖

合规路径已现雏形。Visa−1.41% — Visa, down 1.41 percent today的可信智能体协议(Trusted Agent Protocol)将智能体登记到智能体目录(Agentic Directory),并签发令牌化凭证;在与BILL和Billtrust的实盘试点中,智能体已经端到端完成经批准的发票支付6。

万事达卡−1.49% — 万事达卡, down 1.49 percent today的Agent Pay则签发智能体令牌(Agentic Token),巴克莱−1.45% — 巴克莱, down 1.45 percent today、汇丰英国、ING和劳埃德银行已在欧洲完成智能体实盘交易7。要求清单不长,但条条过硬:这道凭证要写明智能体身份、绑定到授权的真人、划定权限上限、到期作废,并由银行强制执行,而不是指望智能体自己记得7。

高墙开门之时,通行费开始进账

Visa在周二盘后发布财报,万事达卡在周四早间发布8,两家在智能体凭证上的披露是近期的风向标;KeyBanc已将大银行自身的指引——其中呼吁采用令牌化凭证——解读为对两大卡组织立场的支持8。

推演并不复杂:在可验证授权的支付通道进入美国零售银行业之前,这些高墙会一直立着;此后,每一个过墙的智能体都要缴一笔通行费。眼下,损失由共享密码的客户承担;回报理应归于造出这套核验机制的人,而这项工作——委托授权与可撤销权限——正是值得学会去补上的缺口。

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