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银行拟发债210亿美元置换Anthropic芯片债务,惠誉测算博通担保规模435亿美元

多家银行计划最早于2027年初发行约210亿美元高评级债券,为博通630亿美元Anthropic芯片融资方案的一部分再融资。这笔发行将把这家AI实验室的租赁风险从银行资产负债表转移给债券投资者。同日,惠誉确认博通A-评级,并为方案背后的担保给出确切数字。

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Vincent JiangVincent Jiang · 3 min read
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博通总裁兼首席执行官陈福阳,身着深色西装外套与白衬衫,背景为灰色。
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博通总裁兼首席执行官陈福阳表示,这笔Anthropic融资方案证明,市场上存在可为AI增长提供资金的资本。

多家银行正准备最早于2027年第一季度发售约210亿美元高评级债券。芯片制造商博通+3.96% — 博通, up 3.96 percent today为AI实验室Anthropic$350B — Anthropic, private, latest valuation $350B安排了总额630亿美元的融资方案,银行在其中放款420亿美元,此次发债最多可将其中一半移出自身资产负债表1。预计未来几天,还会有其他银行提交加入银团的承诺1。

这套方案的运作类似租赁:一家专为交易设立的特殊目的公司出面借款,购买博通的芯片,再出租给Anthropic,后者支付的租金用于偿债1。目前尚无硬件交付,预计2027自然年开始发货2。

美国银行+0.29% — 美国银行, up 0.29 percent today、花旗+1.45% — 花旗, up 1.45 percent today和摩根士丹利+2.10% — 摩根士丹利, up 2.10 percent today持有420亿美元高级档的第一留置权,受偿顺位最靠前;黑石−1.94% — 黑石, down 1.94 percent today是唯一的第二留置权贷款方,出资90亿美元,排在银行之后受偿12。博通为这批硬件在高级债务项下届时的价值提供担保,这种兜底安排名为“剩余价值支持”(residual value support)1。整笔方案于周一敲定,此次的新变化在于债券退出1。

银行在630亿美元方案中持有420亿美元,拟将约半数售予债券投资者

$42B 66.7%银行第一留置权债务约半数拟通过发债出售$9B 14.3%黑石第二留置权贷款$12B 19%次级档剩余部分(隐含)
Data
Part公布规模Share
银行第一留置权债务$42B66.7%
黑石第二留置权贷款$9B14.3%
次级档剩余部分(隐含)$12B19%
数据为2026年10月26日公告时点,单位十亿美元。第三部分为隐含值:以630亿美元总额减去银行420亿美元贷款和黑石90亿美元承诺得出。博通的剩余价值担保覆盖第一留置权部分。资料来源:彭博(经雅虎财经);24/7 Wall St。1,2

惠誉为担保给出具体数字

数小时后,评级机构惠誉确认博通“A-”评级、展望“正面”,并为它所背书的这笔安排给出了具体数字3。惠誉统计,博通在两个客户结构项下的租赁融资合计超过700亿美元,重头是435亿美元的剩余价值协议;到2027财年,这些安排将使博通的调整后债务增加约40亿美元,这一增量到2029财年将扩大至约150亿美元3。

与之相对,博通本财年派息后自由现金流超过300亿美元3。评级下调触发线十分明确:把惠誉所计的租赁担保并入借款后,净债务一旦突破1500亿美元,评级展望将降至“稳定”;达到1850亿美元、且硬件价值出现裂痕,则将启动下调评级审查3。惠誉还警告,这轮扩建依赖供应商、AI实验室与贷款方之间环环相扣的循环关系;一旦超大规模云厂商(hyperscaler,即大型云运营商)削减芯片开支,循环便会断裂3。

这笔租赁最终落到谁手里?

债券市场说了算。Anthropic已于10月26日提交纳斯达克IPO申请文件,披露上半年营收163亿美元、六个月净亏损808亿美元,其中724亿美元为可转债带来的非现金波动4。今年以来,投资者已吸纳超过4550亿美元与AI相关的借款,资金管理人也愈发谨慎1。

风险已计入交易定价:高级档的推介利率接近7%,不在担保之列的黑石次级档推介利率超过10%58。博通首席执行官陈福阳表示,这笔交易“证明了有资本可以为此类增长提供融资”2。博通股价照样上涨4%6。

更多芯片租赁已在排队

队伍越排越长。10月26日,SpaceX+1.59% — SpaceX, up 1.59 percent today承诺参与一笔由阿波罗牵头的约400亿美元芯片租赁7;博通则正在为OpenAI$500B — OpenAI, private, latest valuation $500B筹措超过500亿美元8。博通供应芯片,并为芯片的剩余价值提供担保;债券买家拥有的是租金,以及租金能否持续到账的风险。预计几天内相关承诺就会到位,债券的最终规模和发行时点则取决于市场状况1。在这期间,Anthropic的首批公开季报将陆续出炉。

AI芯片租赁创纪录之年:博通-Anthropic方案规模居首

  • Estimate
$0B$20B$40B$60B$80BAnthropic(博通牵头)$63BOpenAI(博通牵头)$50B尚处早期洽谈,规模或有变化SpaceX(阿波罗牵头)$40BAnthropic(6月,阿波罗与黑石)$35B
Data
Value
Anthropic(博通牵头)$63B
OpenAI(博通牵头) (estimate)$50B
SpaceX(阿波罗牵头)$40B
Anthropic(6月,阿波罗与黑石)$35B
已公布或据报道的方案规模,单位十亿美元,2026年10月。其中OpenAI一栏为早期报道的目标规模,并非已签约的交易。资料来源:彭博(经雅虎财经转引);Proactive(经雅虎财经转引);雅虎财经。1,7,8

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