微软财报前夕向6万名员工提出买断离职方案,资本开支追平358亿美元单季利润

财年第一季度财报发布前两天,微软推出一项覆盖约6万人的自愿离职计划,相当于员工总数的四分之一。单季资本开支刚刚追平同期全部利润,这份备忘录则点明了公司手中还能削减的成本项。

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Vincent JiangVincent Jiang · 3 min read
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微软首席人事官艾米·科尔曼
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微软首席人事官艾米·科尔曼,她在周一发出的备忘录中向约6万名员工提供了自愿离职选项。

微软四分之一员工收到自愿离职邀请

10月26日(周一),首席人事官艾米·科尔曼告知约6万名微软+1.35% — 微软, up 1.35 percent today员工,他们可以选择“拿钱走人”1。这项自愿离职计划(Voluntary Exit Offer)覆盖内部职级70及以下的员工,该范围上至总经理和部分副总裁,适用于美国、加拿大、印度和英国参与计划的团队;数据中心、销售和市场营销岗位的员工不在其中1。

科尔曼将其表述为“现在就在支持下完成这一转变的新选择”。选择离开的员工可获得与标准遣散方案相近的条件,需在12月初前作出决定,并于年底离职2。

这约6万人相当于微软员工总数的四分之一。截至6月30日,微软员工总数为22.3万人,低于一年前的22.8万人,且未计入7月裁减的4800人;2025年全年,公司累计裁员超过1.5万人3。微软表示,这项计划并非公司需要减员的信号,也不是裁员的替代方案3。

自愿离职计划覆盖人数约占员工总数四分之一

0K100K200K300K2025年6月30日2026年6月30日自愿离职计划覆盖人数60K
Data
员工人数
2025年6月30日228K
2026年6月30日223K
自愿离职计划覆盖人数60K
微软历年6月30日的员工数,以及2026年10月26日宣布的自愿离职计划覆盖的员工数(单位:千人)。2026年6月的数据未计入7月裁减的4800人。来源:GeekWire,援引公司数据。3

资本开支追平利润线

截至6月的这个季度,微软的现金资本开支首次追平净利润:两项均为358亿美元47。财产和设备净额在一年间从2050亿美元攀升至3130亿美元4。

首席财务官艾米·胡德已给出指引:计入租赁会计后,截至9月的季度开支将超过500亿美元5,这一数字落在据报道的2026年1900亿美元资本开支计划之内6。毛利率2023年末尚为71%,截至6月的季度收于67%;当季Xbox内容与服务收入下滑10%,Windows OEM及设备业务下滑7%47。

The Inference已在10月23日图解这一交叉点,买断离职便是它的下一页。

资本开支追平单季全部利润

  • 现金资本开支
  • 净利润
$10B$20B$30B$40B2024年二季度2024年四季度2025年二季度2025年四季度2026年二季度两条线首次交汇的季度
Data
现金资本开支净利润
2024年一季度$10.95B$21.94B
2024年二季度$13.87B$22.04B
2024年三季度$14.92B$24.67B
2024年四季度$15.8B$24.11B
2025年一季度$16.75B$25.82B
2025年二季度$17.08B$27.23B
2025年三季度$19.39B$27.75B
2025年四季度$29.88B$38.46B
2026年一季度$30.88B$31.78B
2026年二季度$35.8B$35.77B
财产和设备现金增加额与净利润对比,单位为十亿美元,按季度统计,各季度截至图示日历季度末。数据来源:微软向美国证券交易委员会(SEC)提交文件中的季度数据。7

华尔街目标价与备忘录的算术题

同样是周一上午,券商奥本海默与Truist+0.82% — Truist, up 0.82 percent today分别将微软目标价从570美元上调至625美元、从575美元上调至600美元;两家机构均认为,卡住Azure的不是需求,而是产能——此时微软已签约订单储备达6780亿美元,一年间增长84%48。

市场对周三财报的一致预期为营收907.5亿美元、每股收益4.72美元8。Investing.com旗下InvestingPro模型给出的公允价值为564.21美元,较526.50美元的现价高出7.4%,而现价距历史高点已不到4%9。

备忘录里也有一笔账:5月的退休试点计划在8750名符合条件员工中吸引约30%参与,产生9亿美元费用,人均接近35万美元;若本轮参与率相当,账面将计提逾60亿美元3。微软对西雅图新闻网站GeekWire表示,预计本轮比例会低得多3。

周三算总账

微软将于10月28日(周三)美股盘后发布财报,其中可能首次给出自愿离职计划的成本预估——4月的财报就曾披露退休试点计划的成本3。届时不妨把资本开支指引、固定汇率口径下44%至45%的Azure增速目标,同这笔成本预估对照着看5。需求拿到了625美元的目标价;满足这份需求的成本,拿到的则是12月的截止日期5。

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