Economy

SoFi愿付4.4%利息,争夺Circle的USDC等稳定币零息占用的资金

10月22日,SoFi推出SOFIE,这是美国全国性银行首次向个人客户发售的代币化存款;就在一天前,美国货币监理署(OCC)敲定了禁止稳定币发行方支付收益的规则。数字美元的争夺战,如今要在利率表上打响。

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Richard TangRichard Tang · 3 min read
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SoFi首席执行官安东尼·诺托的影棚肖像照
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SoFi首席执行官安东尼·诺托正在争夺沉淀在零收益稳定币中的数十亿美元资金

SoFi−1.01% — SoFi, down 1.01 percent today于10月22日开始发售一款区块链美元:支付4.4%的利息,享有联邦存款保险,持有人想划转资金时,可随时按1:1将其兑换成稳定币12。这是美国全国性银行首次向个人客户发售的代币化存款2。

就在一天前,美国货币监理署(OCC)成为首个完成《GENIUS法案》配套规则制定的联邦机构;该法是2025年出台的支付型稳定币监管法律,配套新规自2027年1月18日起生效34。银行与稳定币发行方之间的争夺,如今转移到利率表上,而获准使用这张利率表的,只有一方。

支付收益,只有在银行牌照内才合法

每一枚SOFIE都是SoFi银行的一笔1美元存款,记录在区块链上,会一直计息,直到客户将其兑换为该行稳定币SoFiUSD,用于全天候转账或购买加密货币25。《GENIUS法案》禁止Circle−4.60% — Circle, down 4.60 percent today、Tether等发行方向持有人支付利息——正是这一条款,曾让《CLARITY法案》在国会搁浅15。

OCC的最终规则守住了这道墙;交易所的奖励计划——Coinbase−4.73% — Coinbase, down 4.73 percent as of its last quote的也在其中——不会自动过关,每一项都将逐案评估37。SoFi的设计把数字美元拆成两半:一半是负责生息的存款,一半是负责流转的代币。

SoFi率先竞逐闲置资金

SoFi首席执行官安东尼·诺托瞄准的,是闲置在零收益稳定币中的现金。SoFi援引美联储研究称,约有640亿美元沉淀在极少动用的稳定币钱包里5。“数字资产生态系统里有太多钱在闲置。”诺托表示2。

瓶颈在于覆盖范围:代币化存款只能在发行银行自己的客户之间流转。正因如此,诺托极力拉拢本就在SoFi开户的加密货币公司和服务提供商;自9月以来,SoFi已通过万事达卡+1.67% — 万事达卡, up 1.67 percent as of its last quote网络以SoFiUSD结算银行卡交易12。给出4.4%是为了融资,而非慷慨馈赠:该利率与SoFi的促销储蓄利率持平,同时为收益率高得多的贷款组合提供资金6。

Circle的收入就是浮存金本身

Circle的收入几乎全部来自支撑USDC的储备金所产生的利息,而这台机器已经熄火:2026年上半年,收入同比增速放缓至个位数89。Circle一直在打造收费业务、托管和支付网络,以求收入多元化、降低对利率的依赖8。

Circle营收在2026年转趋平坦,恰逢一家银行开始争夺同样的美元

$400M$500M$600M$700M$800M2024年三季度2024年四季度2025年一季度2025年二季度2025年三季度2025年四季度2026年一季度2026年二季度$701.32M浮存金停止复利增长之际,SoFi正出手竞逐
Data
营收
2024年三季度$445.76M
2024年四季度$435.37M
2025年一季度$578.57M
2025年二季度$658.08M
2025年三季度$739.76M
2025年四季度$770.23M
2026年一季度$694.13M
2026年二季度$701.32M
Circle季度营收,单位为百万美元。资料来源:Circle Internet Group提交美国证券交易委员会(SEC)的文件。9

接下来的故事由什么决定

两个变量将决定此事的分量:一是SoFi的存款增长,二是OCC逐案审查之后,交易所奖励还能保留多少37。若SOFIE把闲置余额从稳定币中抽走,受挤压的将是发行方收入,而非持有人。回报正流向做中间工作的参与者——把银行牌照、存款保险和银行卡网络装到代币背后。如今,做这件事的是一家银行。

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