Suno与Udio索要流媒体数据,或为90亿美元AI音乐索赔大战定下价码

此前,机械许可集体管理组织在流媒体平台的反对声中中途变卦;Suno与Udio随即提出动议,要求该组织交出八家平台2021年以来的按厂牌流媒体数据。从略超90亿美元的赔偿上限,到Udio自身授权协议背后的版税率,都要由这份记录上的数字来定价。

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Vincent JiangVincent Jiang · 4 min read
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Suno Studio 2.0的时间轴视图,这款AI音乐产品正处在唱片公司版权诉讼的漩涡中心
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Suno旗下Studio 2.0,开发商正索要自身授权协议背后的流媒体数据。图片来源:Suno

一纸强制令,或将撬开流媒体的账本

因训练数据问题遭唱片巨头起诉的两家AI音乐初创公司Suno~$2.45B — Suno, private, latest valuation ~$2.45B与Udio,如今从被告变成了主动出击的一方。两家公司在波士顿的版权诉讼中提交了强制取证动议,各自要求机械许可集体管理组织(The Mechanical Licensing Collective,下称“MLC”)交出流媒体播放数据;这家美国机构负责向流媒体服务收取词曲版税。索要范围涵盖亚马逊−0.72% — 亚马逊, down 0.72 percent today、苹果−0.24% — 苹果, down 0.24 percent today、Deezer、Pandora、SoundCloud、Spotify+0.04% — Spotify, up 0.04 percent today、Tidal和YouTube−0.98% — YouTube, down 0.98 percent today八家平台2021年以来的按月、按厂牌细分数据,包括播放量与匹配状态,即一次播放是否匹配到已注册歌曲。1

MLC本来几乎就要交出这些数据。经过约四个月磋商,该组织确认可以提供数TB数据,费用约5000美元,两家AI公司也已同意支付;但在“受影响的”流媒体服务提出异议后,该组织“突然改变立场并拒绝交出”——Suno与Udio的代理律师克里斯·坎贝尔(Chris Campbell)写道。1 Udio的倒计时已经开始:MLC须在10月30日前作出回应,Udio须在11月13日前提交答复。1

为每一笔AI音乐交易定价的数字

Udio选择了交易,而非对簿公堂。环球音乐于2025年10月同Udio和解并签订授权协议;美国国家音乐出版商协会(National Music Publishers' Association,下称“NMPA”)——美国词曲作者与音乐出版商的行业组织——则与Udio以及AI音乐公司KLAY一道,签署了NMPA掌门人大卫·伊斯雷特(David Israelite)所说的首份与大型AI公司达成的全行业授权协议。2 3 4 尚未与两家AI音乐公司中任何一家和解的索尼−0.76% — 索尼, down 0.76 percent today音乐,已于7月第二次起诉Udio。2

至今无人公布的,是这些交易背后的那个数字:AI生成的音乐在流媒体上究竟赚了多少钱。而同一份按厂牌细分的流媒体记录,也决定着唱片巨头针对Suno的市场稀释(market dilution)理论能否成立。华纳音乐和解后,第一起诉讼涉及560件录音制品,赔偿上限接近8400万美元;9月18日提起的第二起诉讼则列出60,202件录音制品,按法定赔偿上限计算略超90亿美元——被诉公司在6月的估值为54亿美元。2 另在加利福尼亚州单独起诉Suno的音乐出版商Round Hill Music则称,其索赔金额可能接近甚至超过10亿美元。2

合理使用之争,胜负系于这份数据

The Inference于10月9日发布的价目表,将在这里拿到“收据”。如果AI歌曲抢走的是真实播放,处于词曲作者围绕Spotify捆绑套餐之争核心的版税池将向上重估,授权费率随之水涨船高;如果它们只是无人收听的填充内容,已签的授权协议就定得便宜,市场稀释指控也会随之缩水。

第二起诉讼赔偿上限已超过Suno全部估值

  • Estimate
$0B$2B$4B$6B$8B$10B第一起诉讼赔偿上限(560件作品)0.08Round Hill索赔额(其自行估算)1.0Suno估值(2026年6月)5.4第二起诉讼赔偿上限,略超90亿美元(60,202件作品)$9B于9月18日提起,针对当前的v6模型
Data
Value
第一起诉讼赔偿上限(560件作品)0.08
Round Hill索赔额(其自行估算) (estimate)1.0
Suno估值(2026年6月)5.4
第二起诉讼赔偿上限,略超90亿美元(60,202件作品)$9B
法定赔偿上限按每件作品15万美元计算:第一起诉讼560件作品,第二起60,202件,以每件15万美元计,合计略超90亿美元。Round Hill的数字是这家出版商自行提出的主张,并非法院裁定。资料来源:Music Business Worldwide,2026年10月7日。2

司法天平正向唱片巨头倾斜。9月29日,美国第三巡回上诉法院驳回了一起围绕AI训练的合理使用抗辩,并裁定将作品授权用于AI训练的市场"正快速发展",即便权利人从未把作品卖进这一市场,也应计入合理使用的第四要素。5 这一裁决对马萨诸塞州的承办法官没有约束力。替代效应是第四要素的核心,迄今仍停留在理论争论;而按月、按厂牌细分的流媒体记录,正是能把它变成证据的东西——无论数据指向哪一方。5

反对声浪升温的一周

机械许可集体管理组织始终没有点名提出异议的平台;在传票覆盖的八家流媒体平台中,Spotify规模最大。就在强制取证动议曝光的同一周,Spotify预计第四季度营业利润为8.2亿欧元,高于8.134亿欧元的市场一致预期,媒体将业绩归功于AI DJ和AI生成的歌单,股价上涨近8%。6

这正是The Inference曾以《Spotify涨价,订户并未流失》为题报道过的那个财报日。7 同一周还有消息称,Spotify今年已从推荐列表中移除超过5000万首AI垃圾(slop)和灌水歌曲——这类批量炮制的填充内容——此前还直接删除了超过7500万首灌水曲目。7

该组织的答复与倒计时

该组织的反对意见依然成立:这项请求"模糊、含混且过于宽泛",而且它"并不直接从唱片厂牌收集数据"。1 两家AI公司拒绝了将数据范围限定在原告厂牌曲库内的方案,认为那将"使这项请求的核心目的之一落空"。1 唱片巨头则朝相反方向推进证据开示:继一名治安法官批准涉及Udio投资方安德森·霍洛维茨(Andreessen Horowitz)的类似传票之后,又在向Suno投资方光速创投(Lightspeed Venture Partners)施压索要文件。8

10月30日,该组织将提交答复;11月13日,Udio将作出回应;第一起案件的终结性动议(dispositive motions)——即能在庭审前了结全案的动议——提交截止日期为2027年6月22日。1 2 Udio的授权协议早已定价;这些价格定得对不对,唯有账本能给出答案。

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