Economy

Visa开收令牌费、万事达卡未跟进,瑞银在10月27日、29日财报前测算差距

瑞银测算,支付令牌费用可为两家卡组织的净营收增长贡献低个位数百分点,而Visa已宣布收费、万事达卡尚未跟进。10月27日和29日发布的财报将给出首次检验。

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Vincent JiangVincent Jiang · 3 min read
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2016年一场会议上,Visa首席执行官瑞恩·麦金纳尼坐在席位上,面朝镜头
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Visa首席执行官瑞恩·麦金纳尼(Ryan McInerney),摄于2016年。在Visa于10月27日发布财报之前,瑞银测算了Visa已开收、万事达卡尚未跟进的令牌化费用。

在参与试点的BILL客户处,AI智能体(AI agent)现在可以独立核准一张发票,进入供应商门户Billtrust,端到端完成付款。Visa 10月21日宣布的这项试点并不把卡号交给智能体1,交出的是一枚令牌——这种替代性凭证专门用来隐藏银行卡信息;Visa+1.72% — Visa, up 1.72 percent today表示,试点已经上线,正在处理交易1。

令牌「过路费」有了价码

瑞士银行巨头瑞银(UBS)的分析师估算,令牌化收入在中期内可为Visa与万事达卡的净营收增长各贡献低个位数百分点,分别计入Visa的增值服务条线和万事达卡+1.67% — 万事达卡, up 1.67 percent today的增值服务与解决方案板块2。以上年同期季度营收为基数,每多增长一个百分点,在Visa大约相当于每季度1.02亿美元,在万事达卡约8100万美元910。

瑞银称,Visa的这部分贡献目前已略高一些,因为它的收费表上有万事达卡所没有的项目:对美国的线下(card-present)令牌化交易收费、2027年上调数字商务服务费(Digital Commerce Service Fee),以及同年将这笔费用扩展到欧洲2。瑞银称这些数字只是首个框架,并提醒,向合作伙伴发放的返点可能把这些费用变相「还」回去2。

两大卡组织稳定币通道双双上线

万事达卡的应对之作早几天就已上线。Global Money Platform(全球资金平台)是万事达卡基于8月完成的18亿美元BVNK收购打造的首个大型产品:一个API背后同时存放法币与稳定币,Nuvei和Marqeta+3.42% — Marqeta, up 3.42 percent today位列首批接入方47。平台还新增了Stablecoin Security(稳定币安全)功能,为即将进入区块链的资金提供欺诈筛查,这是在本周本刊已报道的筛查服务上线基础上的延伸7。Visa则已在10月15日将自家的Visa Direct稳定币预注资服务转出试点:支付处理商Inyo Global的客户可以用USDC近实时地为跨境付款预注资3。

营收基数仍以15%上下增长,令牌过路费水涨船高

  • Visa
  • 万事达卡
$6B$8B$10B$12B2023年Q42024年Q22024年Q42025年Q22025年Q42026年Q2$11.63B两家卡组织的增速均已回到15%上下
Data
Visa万事达卡
2023年Q3$8.61B$6.53B
2023年Q4$8.63B$6.55B
2024年Q1$8.78B$6.35B
2024年Q2$8.9B$6.96B
2024年Q3$9.62B$7.37B
2024年Q4$9.51B$7.49B
2025年Q1$9.59B$7.25B
2025年Q2$10.17B$8.13B
2025年Q3$10.72B$8.6B
2025年Q4$10.9B$8.81B
2026年Q1$11.23B$8.4B
2026年Q2$11.63B$9.28B
季度净营收,单位十亿美元,数据来自向美国证券交易委员会(SEC)提交的文件。Visa财年于9月30日结束;图中各期按日历季度展示。9,10

绕行通道支付4.40%年化收益

就在过路费定价的同一周,美国全国性银行SoFi−1.21% — SoFi, down 1.21 percent today Bank推出了SoFi Earn——一款令牌化存款,年化收益率4.40%,受美国联邦存款保险公司(FDIC)保障,可一比一兑换成SoFiUSD;这款稳定币已经在万事达卡网络上为SoFi的信用卡项目提供结算5。在银行生息、又走区块链通道的资金,永远不会购买网络令牌;而万事达卡自家的平台已将令牌化存款列为即将支持的货币形式,这让这家卡组织同时站到了过路费的两边4。

绕行阵营并非故事的全部。KeyBanc的分析师指出,多家大型银行组成的联盟今年发布的指引要求采用令牌化凭证、执行网络规则;在他们看来,这对过路费构成支撑——银行自己就在要求使用令牌7。Axios报道称,Visa收购托管公司Fireblocks的谈判已进入后期,交易作价约25亿美元。对此,Fireblocks回应“这对我们来说是新闻,而且并不属实”;Visa拒绝置评67。

先周二,再周四

Visa将于10月27日(周二)美股盘后发布财报78;万事达卡随后于10月29日(周四)发布,财报电话会定于美国东部时间上午9点召开78。关键的观察点是增值服务的增速,以及任何与令牌化有关的披露;自2025年10月下旬以来,Visa股价已累计上涨约20%,万事达卡上涨约11%7。现在,AI智能体已经用令牌付款;下周,就看令牌给卡组织付多少钱了。

What happens next

MQ

How fast is value-added services growth, and does Visa disclose tokenization revenue?

The case for

Tokenization fees could add a low-single-digit percentage to net revenue growth at both networks, worth about $102 million a quarter per point at Visa

The case against

UBS warns rebates to partners can claw the token fees back, and calls its own figures a first framework

  1. Tue Oct 27, after the closeVisa earnings, after the close.
  2. Thu Oct 29, 9:00 a.m. ET callMastercard earnings with a 9 a.m. ET call. Does Mastercard disclose tokenization fees of its own?

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