Economy

FICO的增长就是一项收费,联邦住房金融局已把1美元的竞品评分放上了同一张定价表

费埃哲(FICO)的扩张,几乎全部来自对美国大多数房贷所绑定信用评分的提价。11月4日,公司将交出联邦住房金融局(FHFA)让1美元的竞品评分获得同等定价条件后的首份财报;而Equifax的业绩电话会,已经把客户改换门庭的规模数了出来。

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Vincent JiangVincent Jiang · 3 min read
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联邦住房金融局局长比尔·普尔特
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联邦住房金融局局长比尔·普尔特。他9月发布的指令允许贷款机构使用VantageScore 4.0,并将后者并入经典FICO评分的定价表

费埃哲−0.76% — 费埃哲, down 0.76 percent today近来的每一美元增长,都能追溯到同一项收费。在截至6月的财季,评分业务板块实现收入4.59亿美元,同比增长41%,软件业务板块仅增长2%;评分板块内部,房贷发放环节的评分查询收入增长97%,而查询量只增长低个位数1。房贷评分业务现已占评分板块的62%,约占公司整体收入的43%12。

涨价而非放量:房贷评分收入增长97%,软件业务仅增2%

0%20%40%60%80%100%房贷发放评分97%全部B2B评分49%评分业务板块41%软件业务板块2%
Data
Value
房贷发放评分97%
全部B2B评分49%
评分业务板块41%
软件业务板块2%
费埃哲2026财年第三季度(截至2026年6月30日)收入同比增速。资料来源:FICO 2026财年第三季度业绩,经Trefis。1

监管机构在收费站旁架起一座1美元的桥

联邦住房金融局(FHFA)负责监管房利美和房地美,9月两度出手。9月3日,局长比尔·普尔特下令,所有获批的贷款机构均可使用VantageScore 4.0——这款竞品评分由Equifax−0.55% — Equifax, down 0.55 percent today、益博睿(Experian)和环联+0.89% — 环联, up 0.89 percent today(TransUnion)联合持有4。9月28日,他发帖宣布:“房利美和房地美即日起转向统一定价表(ONE PRICING GRID)。”这一步把VantageScore并入经典FICO评分的定价表,也抹去了选用它需承担的20个点的罚金3。FICO股价9月4日下跌约17%,9月29日又跌逾26%2。

Equifax数出了改换门庭的规模

在10月20日的财报电话会上,Equifax首席执行官马克·贝戈尔表示,目前约有2000家房贷机构在贷款审批中使用VantageScore,是4月时的七倍;VantageScore评分的房贷业务量增长逾230%,超过200家机构只使用这一评分5。Rocket Mortgage已将VantageScore列为符合条件贷款的首选评分3;5月至8月,房利美和房地美约9%的房贷在证券化时使用了VantageScore4。Equifax将把1美元的价格维持至2028年5。

同一场电话会上也有提醒:第四季度业绩指引仍假设每笔房贷交易都使用FICO评分,VantageScore贡献的收入有限5。费埃哲自己的应对,是通过经销商销售的直接授权计划,目前仍在等待政府支持企业(GSE)认证1。

股价反弹,目标价却掉头向下

10月12日当周,FICO股价上涨16%,至771美元;除空头回补和10月6日公布的裁员计划——拟裁减约15%的员工,产生2700万美元费用外,并无其他确切的催化因素2。9月30日以来,分析师平均目标价已下调18%,至1032美元;最低目标价490美元则已低于当前股价2。2026年以来,该股累计下跌50.5%,同期标普500指数上涨17.1%;目前预期市盈率为16倍,三年平均则为47倍12。

评分提价改变曲线:2026年3月当季收入增速达39%

$300M$400M$500M$600M$700MFY23Q4FY24Q2FY24Q4FY25Q2FY25Q4FY26Q2$674.19M房贷评分提价落地
Data
收入
FY23Q3$389.73M
FY23Q4$382.06M
FY24Q1$433.81M
FY24Q2$447.85M
FY24Q3$453.81M
FY24Q4$439.97M
FY25Q1$498.74M
FY25Q2$536.42M
FY25Q3$515.75M
FY25Q4$511.96M
FY26Q1$691.68M
FY26Q2$674.19M
费埃哲各财季总收入(单位:百万美元);2026财年第一季度为截至2025年12月31日的季度。资料来源:费埃哲SEC申报文件中的季度数据。7

11月4日财报将检验:谁的数据更准

费埃哲定于11月4日盘后发布第四财季业绩 6,这将是统一定价表实施后的首份财报。管理层对房贷业务量的最新表态,还要追溯到7月29日的财报电话会 1,当时称并未看到业务流失。Equifax则两头收成、旱涝保收:其美国信息解决方案业务(USIS)的房贷收入中,约45%是FICO特许权使用费的过手收入,不贡献利润;若房贷业务全部转用其共同持有的VantageScore,可带来约3500万美元的增量利润 5。

财报发布后,Equifax股价大涨10.7% 8。转换风险只由FICO股东独自承担,而统一定价表实施后这笔“过路费”的首份“车流统计”,两周后揭晓。

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