Economy

万事达卡与Visa拟允许1200万美国商户拒收高端卡;法官11月16日开庭审理

一份拟议中的和解协议将首次允许1200万美国商户拒收Visa和万事达卡的高端卡。美国运通首席执行官的回应是“祝他们好运”;万事达卡营收增长14%的季度,则说明了两家卡组织为何让得起这份利。

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Vincent JiangVincent Jiang · 3 min read
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万事达卡首席执行官迈克尔·米巴赫于2026年1月在达沃斯世界经济论坛年会上发言
2026年1月,万事达卡首席执行官迈克尔·米巴赫在达沃斯世界经济论坛年会上发言。

商户赢得拒收高端卡的权利

一场始于2005年的商户之战即将在布鲁克林的一间法庭上落幕。对这场覆盖逾1200万美国商户的集体诉讼而言,头号战利品是:有权拒收Visa+3.22% — Visa, up 3.22 percent today或万事达卡+4.86% — 万事达卡, up 4.86 percent today的高端卡,同时照常受理费率较低的卡2。

美国运通+2.24% — 美国运通, up 2.24 percent as of its last quote的高端卡从未受此类规则约束。周五,首席执行官斯蒂芬·斯奎里被问及如何看待这项让步,他的回答是:“祝他们好运。”他预计,商家一旦开始拒收这类卡,将引发“消费者的愤怒”1。布莱恩·科根法官将于2026年11月16日开庭,审理这项和解协议的最终批准申请2。

无人使用的规则改动,成本为零

这份和解协议的真金白银在别处:信用卡交换费五年内下调10个基点,标准消费者卡未来八年适用1.25%的费率;而2024年商户支付的平均刷卡手续费为2.35%2。商户奋力争取的,正是“全卡受理”规则的松动;而质疑这一点的声音,恰恰来自商户自己一方。

丹·斯蒂尔(Dan Stiel)曾在银行卡行业担任高管,如今为商户提供咨询服务。他称,与借记卡用户相比,高端卡客户的盈利能力“高出指数级”,并称这一改变是“空洞的好处”1。沃尔玛+2.72% — 沃尔玛, up 2.72 percent today与大型零售行业组织仍表示反对;两家卡组织的律师则称,他们只是集体诉讼中的“高调少数派”2。

为“停战”买单的季度

万事达卡的三季报,说明了它为什么交得起这条规则。净营收增长14%至98亿美元,调整后每股收益5.31美元,高于5.17美元的市场预期,调整后营业利润率达到60.5%34。支付网络业务增长11%,对发卡银行的返点和激励大增18%,增值服务增长19%3。

增值服务增速接近支付网络业务的两倍

0%5%10%15%20%增值服务19%跨境交易量11%支付网络业务收入11%转接交易量9%总交易额7%
Data
Value
增值服务19%
跨境交易量11%
支付网络业务收入11%
转接交易量9%
总交易额7%
万事达卡2026年三季度同比增速(%),收入按报告口径,交易量按本地货币口径。资料来源:万事达卡2026年三季度财报。3

这场战争越打越便宜:为选择退出集体诉讼的商户,万事达卡计提了7400万美元费用,诉讼应计负债已从2025年12月31日的8亿美元降至2.62亿美元3。财报当天,早间报道把这份业绩包装成AI与稳定币攻势,万事达卡股价高开近4.6%56。

净营收连续12个季度双位数增长

$0B$5B$10B2024Q12024Q32025Q12025Q32026Q12026Q3$9.8B
Data
净营收
2023Q4$6.55B
2024Q1$6.35B
2024Q2$6.96B
2024Q3$7.37B
2024Q4$7.49B
2025Q1$7.25B
2025Q2$8.13B
2025Q3$8.6B
2025Q4$8.81B
2026Q1$8.4B
2026Q2$9.28B
2026Q3$9.8B
万事达卡按自然季度计的净营收(单位:十亿美元),图中各季度同比增速均为双位数。资料来源:万事达卡各季度向美国证券交易委员会(SEC)提交的文件;2026年三季度财报。8,3

Visa录得同样增速,账单却更大

同案被告Visa于10月27日公布财报,营收增长13%,并为同一桩交换费案新计提4.69亿美元拨备7。两家卡组织之间的费用差距正是The Inference本周前瞻报道关注的焦点。

11月16日:悬案见分晓

若和解获批,这桩两家卡组织已陆续买单的官司将就此了结:Visa本财年为该案计提的拨备达17亿美元7,万事达卡的应计余额只剩1月水平的三分之一3。若被否决,案件将重新开审,两家卡组织声称届时自己会赢2。判决之后,真正的风向标不在法律层面,而在商业层面:第一家公开拒收高端卡的大型零售商。二十年的诉讼为商户换来一扇门,他们自己的顾问却劝他们别走进去。

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