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英伟达斥资30亿美元参与Meta 250亿美元增发,Meta同步扩大英伟达订单

英伟达一夜之间买入Meta 30亿美元股票,Meta则承诺加大采用英伟达下一代系统。眼下Meta的资本开支已超过经营现金流,增发闸门只能继续敞开——而用来购买AI芯片的钱,有一部分正出自芯片卖家自己。

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Richard TangRichard Tang · 3 min read
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马克·扎克伯格站在纯色深蓝色活动背景板前,身穿蓝色毛衣,衣领处别着领夹式麦克风,目光望向镜头侧前方,神情平静。
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图为Meta联合创始人兼首席执行官马克·扎克伯格,2023年资料照片。周二,英伟达认购Meta 250亿美元股票发行中的30亿美元,Meta同时承诺扩大部署英伟达Vera Rubin系统。

周二早间,英伟达+0.78% — 英伟达, up 0.78 percent today向Meta−0.84% — Meta, down 0.84 percent today的股票发行投入30亿美元;同一份公告同时宣布,Meta将扩大部署英伟达Vera Rubin计算系统、Spectrum-X网络和BlueField-4芯片1。两件事同时成立:双方在Meta消费级AI智能体Muse上的合作确实在加深;与此同时,一家芯片供应商正在买入为自身销售提供资金的股票。英伟达此前入股OpenAI$500B — OpenAI, private, latest valuation $500B、CoreWeave+2.33% — CoreWeave, up 2.33 percent today和Nebius+7.78% — Nebius, up 7.78 percent today时,批评者便已提出循环性质疑:当供应商的资金参与买单,AI需求中还有多少能够自立2?

AI扩建支出超出Meta的现金引擎

Meta需要这条股权融资的通道一直敞开。上个季度,公司资本开支三年来首次超过经营现金流3;2026年全年资本开支指引为1350亿至1450亿美元4。Meta给出的答案是大规模发股:以每股625美元定价发行250亿美元普通股,以及125亿美元强制可转换优先股,这些股份须在2029年前转为股票56,并计划2027年再发行600亿美元无投票权C类股57。

普通股部分依托远期销售协议发行,Meta借此锁定当前股价,在2027年11月前收到现金——数据中心先建起来,钱随后才到6。摊薄由公众股东承受;无投票权的股票类别意味着,无论发多少股,都不会让马克·扎克伯格少一票7。

Meta资本开支上季度已超过经营现金流

  • 资本开支
  • 经营现金流
$0B$10B$20B$30B$40B2024Q12024Q32025Q12025Q32026Q12026Q3资本开支反超经营现金流
Data
资本开支经营现金流
2023Q4$7.59B$19.4B
2024Q1$6.4B$19.25B
2024Q2$8.17B$19.37B
2024Q3$8.26B$24.72B
2024Q4$14.43B$27.99B
2025Q1$12.94B$24.03B
2025Q2$16.54B$25.56B
2025Q3$18.83B$30B
2025Q4$21.38B$36.21B
2026Q1$19B$32.23B
2026Q2$30.12B$31.86B
2026Q3$33.94B$32.79B
季度资本开支与经营现金流对比(单位:十亿美元),2023年第四季度至2026年第三季度。资料来源:Meta向美国证券交易委员会(SEC)提交的文件。3

买家名单就是供应商名单

Meta周一表示,英伟达、AMD+2.63% — AMD, up 2.63 percent today与博通+3.28% — 博通, up 3.28 percent today这三家芯片供应商已表示有意合计认购最高50亿美元普通股,意向不具约束力4。而一天后披露的英伟达认购,是其中首个具名的份额17。

这是英伟达的一贯做法:仅今年前四个月,公司已作出超过400亿美元的AI股权投资承诺,对象从OpenAI铺到CoreWeave、Nebius、康宁和IREN+3.48% — IREN, up 3.48 percent today2。Axios如今称,对有分量的AI玩家而言,拿一笔英伟达数十亿美元的投资"几乎已是入场标配"8。公开文件没有把本周这笔认购与Meta的硬件部署承诺挂钩,也没有排除两者之间的关联1。

英伟达注资Meta,年内再添一笔对自家客户与供应商的投资

  • Estimate
$0B$10B$20B$30BOpenAI$30B康宁$3.2BMeta$3BIREN$2.1BNebius$2B
Data
Value
OpenAI$30B
康宁 (estimate)$3.2B
Meta (estimate)$3B
IREN (estimate)$2.1B
Nebius$2B
英伟达2026年已披露的AI股权投资承诺(单位:十亿美元)。其中,OpenAI与Nebius为已完成投资;康宁与IREN为结构性承诺,金额为图示上限;对Meta的认购于2026年10月27日宣布。资料来源:The Next Web;英伟达与Meta公告。2,1

看英伟达营收,先扣除英伟达自己的钱

底层需求是真实的:Muse上线不到一周,便跻身下载量最高的应用之列5。变的是会计处理。英伟达入股,客户签下采购承诺,而回流的一部分营收,实为英伟达自己拿出的股权资金所带来的回报——批评者将这种模式称为循环融资,辩护者则称之为垂直整合2。当供应商为买方出资,AI账面需求中的一部分,说到底就是这个行业自己的钱转了一圈,又回到自己手中。

该信的,是供应商没注资也照样出现的需求

检验本周到来:Alphabet+0.59% — Alphabet, up 0.59 percent today、微软−0.06% — 微软, down 0.06 percent today和亚马逊+0.63% — 亚马逊, up 0.63 percent today将发布财报,三家的资本预算由经营现金流支撑,而非供应商的股权资金7。Alphabet已显出吃紧:在上市以来首个现金流为负的季度之后,该公司于6月股权融资800亿美元9。这轮扩建配得上这些钱:智能体是计算领域一次货真价实的变革,Meta也正以消费级规模资助前沿研发。纪律只有一句话:该信的,是供应商没注资也照样出现的需求;对那些在注资之后才到来的,要打个折扣。

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