华盛顿入股量子企业:比例小、折价买入、锁在里程碑之后

9月的申报文件显示,美国商务部按公式折价,取得D-Wave、Rigetti、Quantinuum和格芯(GlobalFoundries)0.9%至2.3%不等的股权;在此之上,IBM分拆的量子晶圆厂Anderon敲定10亿美元《芯片法案》(CHIPS)补贴。

阅读原文

In this storyIBMRGTIIONQINTC
Richard TangRichard Tang · 3 min read
Share
IBM Q量子计算机镀金低温恒温器内部,多层低温板、导线与同轴线向下延伸,直至底部的量子处理器。
IBM Q量子计算机的低温恒温器内部。华盛顿9月的资助瞄准的正是技术栈中的这一层(低温恒温器、读出电子学、量子级晶圆),并以此换取股权。

华盛顿不再给量子行业开支票,转而入股。2026年9月16日,IBM在奥尔巴尼剥离成立的量子晶圆代工厂Anderon与商务部敲定10亿美元《芯片法案》补贴,IBM自身另行投入10亿美元1。

今年5月的意向书是这笔安排的源头:九家公司合计20.13亿美元,条件只有一个——每家公司出让“少数、非控制性股权”,以“提升美国纳税人的回报”2。本月,D-Wave、Rigetti和Quantinuum各自签署1亿美元补贴协议并发行股份,发行价在消息推高股价之前便已锁定3456。

持股比例小,价格由公式锁定

每一个入场价,都在市场还来不及投票时便已敲定。D-Wave发行价14.093美元,较意向书起草至补贴落定三个时点的最低收盘价低15%37;Quantinuum折合约每股42美元,较其6月IPO的60美元发行价低约30%58。

这等于把产业政策当投资账户来打理。按最新披露的股数计算,商务部目前持有Rigetti约2.3%、D-Wave约1.9%、格芯约1.8%、Quantinuum约0.9%的股份,相当于实际流通A类股的6.4%34589101112。作为规模参照,英特尔的先例是9.9%13。

0%2%4%6%8%10%英特尔(2025年8月,作规模参照)9.9%Rigetti2.3%D-Wave1.9%格芯1.8%Quantinuum0.9%
Data
Value
英特尔(2025年8月,作规模参照)9.9%
Rigetti2.3%
D-Wave1.9%
格芯1.8%
Quantinuum0.9%
政府持股占股本比例:以2026年9月发行股份对照各公司最新披露的封面股数计算,数据来自申报文件。Quantinuum按A、B两类股合并列示;格芯采用其2025年20-F表封面股数;英特尔2025年的持股仅作规模参照。3,4,5,8,9,10,11,12,13

现金到账,须待里程碑达标

这笔补贴是进度表,不是支票。Rigetti签约当日提取了4390万美元;其余5610万美元暂扣不发,须待商务部“全权酌情”认定里程碑达标后方可放行;已拨付的资金则将转为可追回的债务4。D-Wave自己的申报文件点明了持股人的代价:以“较当前市价折让的价格”发行的股份,具有摊薄效应3。

保护条款护的是企业,而非纳税人

除类别股权利变更与合并事项外,商务部没有表决权;不得私下向竞争对手出售股份;可转让的股份也仅限与已拨付金额相对应的部分;若商务部中途退出,公司只需以1美元回购尚未交付的股份45。对多年来靠反复增发股票填补亏损的D-Wave和Rigetti而言6,这就是一位有耐心的股东。对纳税人来说,换来的却是一笔难以变现的早期公司股权,而给这些公司里程碑打分的,正是持股的同一个部门。

里程碑关卡决定纳税人买到了什么

投向是对的。补贴资金投向低温恒温器架构、微型化读出电子学、低损耗光子学和量子级晶圆——正是这些卡住量子计算脖子的制造瓶颈,而非又一场基准测试演示245。Quantinuum接受这笔钱时,手里已有21亿美元的IPO募资现金8;至于唯一被排除在外的大牌IonQ,行业媒体将其与SkyWater收购案悬而未决的余波联系起来6。

结论要等放款时才见分晓。2025年8月,政府以每股20.47美元、总价89亿美元买入英特尔4.333亿股;本月该股收于96美元附近,这笔持股市值约415亿美元——数字出自媒体统计,并非申报文件1314。暂扣的分期资金若凭实实在在的工程成果放行,纳税人便是低价买下了整个行业的瓶颈;若凭新闻稿放行,折扣本身就是目的:这是一笔披着股票代码外衣的补贴。该盯的是里程碑放款,不是股价。

How this brief was made

01Gathered & sourced295 channels · 2,180 articles▾

Agents swept 295 channels and ingested 2,180 articles, then de-duplicated and ranked them for signal.

02Verified & cross-validated14 claims · 12 data feeds▾

Every one of 14 load-bearing claims was checked against primary sources, with 12 live data feeds reconciling the figures and charts.

  1. 1IBM Newsroom, "Anderon, an IBM Company, Finalizes Agreement with the U.S. Department of Commerce for a $1 Billion CHIPS Award," 16 September 2026
  2. 2NIST / U.S. Department of Commerce, "Department of Commerce Announces Letters of Intent With 9 Companies for $2 Billion to Accelerate U.S. Leadership in Quantum Computing," 21 May 2026
  3. 3D-Wave Quantum Inc. Form 8-K/A, share issuance at $14.093 and updated risk factors, filed 9 September 2026
  4. 4Rigetti Computing, Inc. Form 8-K, items 1.01 and 3.02, filed 8 September 2026
  5. 5Quantinuum Inc. Form 8-K, items 1.01 and 3.02, filed 8 September 2026
  6. 6MarketBeat via Yahoo Finance, "Breaking Down the Impact of the CHIPS Funding Deal for Quantum Firms," 15 September 2026
  7. 7D-Wave Quantum Inc. Form 8-K, Other Transaction Agreement and Securities Issuance Agreement terms, filed 8 September 2026
  8. 8Quantinuum Inc. Form 10-Q for the quarter ended 30 June 2026 (IPO at $60.00 per share; $2.1B cash; Class A and B cover counts), filed 13 August 2026
  9. 9GlobalFoundries Inc. Form 6-K, Securities Issuance Agreement with U.S. Department of Commerce, filed 8 September 2026
  10. 10SEC XBRL company concept, GlobalFoundries Inc.: Entity Common Stock Shares Outstanding (555,888,455 as of 31 December 2025, 2025 Form 20-F cover; latest reported)
  11. 11SEC XBRL company concept, D-Wave Quantum Inc.: Entity Common Stock Shares Outstanding (369,263,837 as of 5 August 2026, Q2 2026 10-Q cover)
  12. 12SEC XBRL company concept, Rigetti Computing, Inc.: Entity Common Stock Shares Outstanding (333,768,747 as of 3 August 2026, Q2 2026 10-Q cover)
  13. 13Business Insider, "It's official: The US government is taking a nearly 10% stake in Intel," 22 August 2025
  14. 14Crypto Briefing, "Trump touts Intel's stock surge from $20 to $95 amid government stake," 8 September 2026
03Reviewed & edited1 human editor▾

One editor read the draft against the evidence, tuned the framing, and signed off before it shipped.

Become a contributor

Reporting on the business of AI and want it read? We take pitches from outside contributors who bring primary sources and a number worth arguing about.

Share

Deepdive

AI-generated from this story and its cited sources. Not investment advice.

Reader comments

0 comments

    Sign up

    Get your curated digest

    After email confirmation, you will receive a daily digest of the most relevant news that matter to your portfolio