甲骨文、SpaceX违约保险创纪录,IREN以GPU作抵押融资3.63亿美元

公开债券市场吸纳AI基础设施融资的能力正逼近极限。同一天上午,IREN给出答案:走私募设备融资,抵押品是已经在产生收入的设备。

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Richard TangRichard Tang · 2 min read
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一台英伟达GB200 NVL72机架。这套液冷系统集成了72块B200 GPU和36颗Grace CPU,如今私募贷款机构已将这类设备作为AI算力贷款的抵押品。
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英伟达GB200 NVL72机架:72块B200 GPU集成于一套液冷系统。IREN这笔3.63亿美元贷款的抵押品,正是此类已部署、已在产生收入的GPU服务器。

为AI基础设施提供资金的信贷市场正接近饱和,新云(neocloud)厂商开始另辟蹊径。据彭博报道,至少18笔垃圾级数据中心融资的收益率已达到两位数,甲骨文−0.23% — 甲骨文, down 0.23 percent today、SpaceX−2.95% — SpaceX, down 2.95 percent today、英伟达−0.30% — 英伟达, down 0.30 percent today和Meta−1.26% — Meta, down 1.26 percent today的违约保险价格创下纪录,保险公司和欧洲银行的敞口也已触及上限1。变通方案走的是私募和资产抵押路线:IREN−0.70% — IREN, down 0.70 percent today(本报10月3日曾报道其扩建进展)同日上午敲定一笔3.63亿美元的设备融资2。

整条风险链条同步重定价

从收益率可以看出压力所在。摩根大通和高盛+1.26% — 高盛, up 1.26 percent today不得不加码优惠条件,把Volta一笔50亿美元贷款的收益率推高至11%以上;这笔贷款为英伟达GPU和一处Anthropic已签约的挪威数据中心提供资金3。

评级最高的数据中心债券收益率已从2026年年初的5%以下升至7%左右,收益率在8%以上的发行被形容为“难度很大”,投资级科技债券目前的平均收益率约为6%1。对冲成本同步上行:甲骨文、SpaceX、英伟达和Meta的违约保护价格升至纪录水平,已属垃圾级借款人的典型区间;甲骨文则以一纸不可抗力通知定下基调,就一处工期延误的新墨西哥州数据中心寻求推迟付款1。

数据中心债务收益率沿整条风险链条上移

0%5%10%15%最高评级数据中心债券:2026年1月5%最高评级数据中心债券:当前7%投资级科技债券6%Volta 50亿美元贷款11%
Data
Value
最高评级数据中心债券:2026年1月5%
最高评级数据中心债券:当前7%
投资级科技债券6%
Volta 50亿美元贷款11%
单位为百分比,对比2026年年初与2026年10月28日。最高评级数据中心债券与投资级科技指数均值来自彭博;Volta贷款在摩根大通和高盛改善条款后定价于11%以上(彭博数据,经雅虎财经)。1,3

债务买家才是瓶颈

价格只是表象。甲骨文的这份通知让投资者认识到,租户合同可能包含退出条款,其中包括项目延误达180天或更久时终止合同的权利;如今,他们要求为这一选择权获得补偿1。某欧洲银行的科技信贷部门表示,将风险转移出表需要五个月,新贷款投放因此陷入停滞;城堡证券则警告,硅谷预期募集的资金与出资方实际能提供的资金之间,落差正越拉越大1。

绕道落地的私募交易规模不大

$0B$5B$10B$15B$20B$25BIREN设备融资$0.36BVolta银团贷款$5B2026年数据中心ABS/CMBS$22B
Data
Value
IREN设备融资$0.36B
Volta银团贷款$5B
2026年数据中心ABS/CMBS$22B
单位为十亿美元。IREN设备融资数据来自美国商业资讯;Volta银团贷款与年初至今数据中心ABS及CMBS发行量数据来自彭博、摩根士丹利。1,2

资金仍在何处流动?

IREN的这笔交易指明了路径。公司没有发行银团债券,而是对已部署、已在产生收入的GPU服务器完成再融资:资金来自Blue Owl+0.89% — Blue Owl, up 0.89 percent today旗下的设备融资平台Wingspire,以及由Eldridge和Silver Point牵头的六家贷款机构;这笔融资以设备作抵押,另有多年期客户合同支撑2。流动性来自已在赚钱的设备,而非对建设蓝图的信心。预计会有更多新云厂商效仿。值得关注的看点是:在此过程中,哪家超大规模云厂商的担保定价最差12。

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