Riot Platforms 91亿美元AI租约背后:过桥贷款12月31日到期

Riot Platforms今年8月签下公司史上最大交易:在得克萨斯州罗克代尔园区,签下一份为期20年、价值约91亿美元的AI租约。但项目推进靠的是一笔5.73亿美元的过桥贷款,该贷款12月31日到期,届时还没有一兆瓦容量开始收租。11月4日的业绩电话会必须拿出置换融资(takeout financing)方案,否则就得交代由谁来填补资金缺口。

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Richard TangRichard Tang · 3 min read
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Riot Platforms首席执行官杰森·莱斯(Jason Les)
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Riot Platforms首席执行官杰森·莱斯。公司从摩根士丹利获得的5.73亿美元过桥贷款12月31日到期,届时罗克代尔的AI租约还未开始产生租金。

Riot Platforms−3.53% — Riot Platforms, down 3.53 percent today(纳斯达克代码:RIOT)已经证明自己拿得下AI租户;尚未走完的一步,是为楼宇建设付账。8月,这家比特币矿企签下公司史上最大合同:一份为期20年、价值约91亿美元的租约1。

租户是一家前沿AI实验室,据彭博报道为Anthropic$350B — Anthropic, private, latest valuation $350B,在得克萨斯州罗克代尔园区租下了191兆瓦容量1。首期租金的目标起租时间是2027年12月;在那之前,矿场改造依靠一笔5.73亿美元的过桥贷款推进,贷款由摩根士丹利−2.32% — 摩根士丹利, down 2.32 percent today提供,12月31日到期2。

市场已经不再为合同定价,而是开始为那张日历定价。10月20日,派杰将Riot目标价下调至19美元3。理由在于:信贷市场已开始对数据中心建设背后的债务重新定价,CoreWeave的债券收益率目前已超过15%3。AI基础设施中的稀缺资产正从通电土地(powered land)转向长期资本,而Riot恰好站在这条断层线上。

所有目标价均高于现价;三家投行从19美元到35.50美元不等

$0$10$20$30$40派杰$1910月20日因AI相关债务重新定价而下调坎托·菲茨杰拉德$24摩根士丹利$35.510月22日收盘价:12.89美元
Data
Value
派杰$19
坎托·菲茨杰拉德$24
摩根士丹利$35.5
2026年10月分析师目标价(美元);参考线为10月22日收盘价。3,4

通电土地赢下租约,建成还得靠资本

比特币矿企能拿下前沿AI实验室,靠的是手中早已握有AI建设方短期内拿不到的东西:通电土地。管理层称,公司在得州的园区无需排入得州电力可靠性委员会(ERCOT)的新增数据中心并网队列,因为电力供应早已签订合约2。大约六个月里,Riot与AMD+1.59% — AMD, up 1.59 percent today和这家AI实验室签下合计98亿美元的数据中心合同收入1。从矿场到租约,这一步已经走完。

过桥资金只是临时安排,兜底方尚未浮出水面

融资这一步还没有走完。摩根士丹利这笔贷款对母公司无追索权,且只覆盖长交期设备(long-lead equipment)5。首席财务官贾森·钟(Jason Chung)表示,“随着投资级兜底安排敲定,Riot将在未来几个月内执行这笔过渡性贷款的置换融资”;兜底安排(backstop)的参与方与条款均未公开2。

以AMD租约为抵押、原定9月底前交割的这笔贷款,截至10月8日仍未见交割公告2。公司预计明年资本开支在24亿美元左右;置换融资一旦推迟,备选方案为贷款展期、出售比特币或增发新股52。

置换融资落地之前,缺口由股东承担

眼下承担缺口的正是股东。Riot过去十二个月亏损13.2亿美元6。第二季度数据中心收入中,仅490万美元为经常性租金6。空头持有12.85%的股份6。

过去两年亏损最重的三个季度,正是刚刚过去的三个季度

-$1,000M-$500M$0M$500M2024年三季度2024年四季度2025年一季度2025年二季度2025年三季度2025年四季度2026年一季度2026年二季度-$237M-$691M-$500M
Data
净利润
2024年三季度-$154M
2024年四季度$136M
2025年一季度-$296M
2025年二季度$219M
2025年三季度$105M
2025年四季度-$691M
2026年一季度-$500M
2026年二季度-$237M
Riot Platforms季度净利润或亏损,单位百万美元,数据来自公司向美国证券交易委员会(SEC)提交的文件。7

各家投行本月下调了目标价,但对Riot究竟值多少钱仍各执一词;这道分歧,正是融资问题在估值上的体现3。

两个日期将定分晓

Riot将于11月4日早间公布第三季度业绩 8。两份文件便可让争论尘埃落定:一是完成交割的AMD租约贷款,二是在12月31日之前签署的过桥贷款置换融资2。缺了这两份文件,这份租约就仍是一纸承诺,靠一家亏损矿企的股权融资支撑。把矿场改造成AI园区是实打实的工程,价值最终归于出资并把楼宇建成的一方。Riot签约的速度几乎无人能及;眼下没走完的一环是资本,11月4日将迎来首场公开考验2。

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