特斯拉FSD九天内第二起事故致死,正撞上Cybercab定档12月交付

一名71岁男子在80号州际公路上身亡,驾驶员称事发时车辆开启了完全自动驾驶(FSD);九天前,一名驾驶员在睡梦中,其所驾特斯拉撞伤两名加州公路巡警。同一周,特斯拉把Cybercab的首批交付定在年底。

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Vincent JiangVincent Jiang · 3 min read
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从特斯拉驾驶席视角:车辆在高速公路上开启Autopilot行驶,仪表显示屏上正追踪前车
1 / 6Slide 1 of 6
图为特斯拉驾驶席视角,Autopilot处于开启状态。80号州际公路上的两起事故均涉及FSD——特斯拉以“有监督”定位销售这套系统,并要求驾驶员保持专注。

凌晨2时30分,一名男子走上80号州际公路

10月22日凌晨2时30分许,索拉诺县境内780号州际公路立交附近,一名71岁的瓦列霍男子从右侧路肩走上80号州际公路西行车道 13。一辆以约70英里/小时行驶的特斯拉−0.44% — 特斯拉, down 0.44 percent today刹车并向左避让,但车辆右前角还是撞上了他 13。26岁的旧金山驾驶员停车后,向调查人员交出行车记录仪视频,称事发时车辆正处于完全自动驾驶(FSD)状态——这是特斯拉的有监督驾驶辅助系统 13。

男子倒地后,至少还有一辆车从他身上碾过,再无其他驾驶员停车 12。特斯拉驾驶员未被开罚单,如认定存在过失,地方检察官仍可提出指控 23。加州公路巡警队(CHP)仍在查明男子为何出现在高速公路上;他看起来并非抛锚滞留的司机 3。就在事故发生的前一晚,特斯拉刚向投资者亮出一个定档的Cybercab里程碑 5。

九天前,警灯闪烁的巡逻车

10月13日,一名22岁的萨克拉门托驾驶员告诉调查人员,事发时他在睡觉,开着FSD的特斯拉冲过费尔菲尔德附近封闭四条车道的锥筒,撞上CHP的一辆道奇战马巡逻车 34。当时三辆巡逻车均亮着警灯 3。两名巡警受重伤,几天内便出院 34。

CHP事后发布这段视频以警示其他驾驶员:“尽管名字如此,‘完全自动驾驶’并非完全自主” 4。如今,这句话与一起致死事故的调查记录并存——同一路段,前后相隔九天。

两起案件撞上的时间表

时间表在事故发生前一天拉开序幕:10月21日,特斯拉工程副总裁拉尔斯·莫拉维(Lars Moravy)对投资者表示,公司“力争在2026年年底前将Cybercab交付到客户手中”,而到目前为止下线的每一辆车,都进入了特斯拉自己的Robotaxi车队 56。面向客户自有车辆的无监督FSD,预计要到2027年第二季度才会推出 56。

这份承诺背后的订阅收入是真金白银:FSD活跃订阅达174万份,每月收费99美元,一年间增长67% 67。但底下的造车业务要单薄得多。上季度营业利润率为2.6%,2023年底尚有8.2%;1.53万亿美元的估值——约400倍市盈率——全系于这些日期 69。

风险敞口正在于此:特斯拉的自动驾驶时间表,如今连着一起致死事故的调查,而九天前刚发生撞上巡逻车的事故,两起都发生在80号州际公路同一路段。

特斯拉排定自动驾驶时间表之际,营业利润率从8.2%滑落至2.6%

0%5%10%15%2024Q12024Q32025Q12025Q32026Q12026Q32.6%Cybercab定于12月交付
Data
营业利润率
2023Q48.2%
2024Q15.5%
2024Q26.3%
2024Q310.8%
2024Q46.2%
2025Q12.1%
2025Q24.1%
2025Q35.8%
2025Q45.7%
2026Q14.2%
2026Q21.4%
2026Q32.6%
营业利润率(占营收百分比);数据来自特斯拉提交美国证券交易委员会(SEC)的季度文件,2023年第四季度至2026年第三季度。9

监管机构已掌握的记录

过去十年,美国国家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)已对使用自动驾驶或驾驶辅助技术的特斯拉启动46起特别事故调查,其中十余起事故造成人员死亡 8。NBC今年9月发布的一项统计清点了43段驾驶员在FSD开启状态下入睡的视频和13张加州罚单;联邦众议员拉贾·克里希纳莫尔蒂(Raja Krishnamoorthi)已敦促NHTSA说明,这类滥用行为是否构成安全缺陷 7。

另一项仍在进行中的调查已覆盖320万辆配备FSD的特斯拉 7。为特斯拉辩护的依据同样有案可查:特斯拉将这套软件作为有监督系统销售,并要求驾驶员保持专注;CHP称,10月22日的驾驶员警觉、随时准备接管;两起事故均无人被起诉 34。

目前尚无公开信息将软件本身与80号州际公路上的这起死亡事故联系起来;在CHP的通报中,悬而未决的问题是驾驶员是否存在过失 3。三件事将告诉投资者这两起事故价值几何:地方检察官是否起诉 3,覆盖320万辆车的联邦调查最终落在何处 7,以及12月底之前是否有一辆Cybercab交付给特斯拉以外的客户 6。

What happens next

TSLA

Will a Cybercab reach a customer outside Tesla before December ends?

The case for

Cybercab deliveries to outside customers remain dated for the end of 2026, and unsupervised Full Self-Driving on customer cars for the second quarter of 2027

The case against

Two crashes in nine days on the same stretch of Interstate 80, one fatal, both with Full Self-Driving reported engaged

  1. December 2026First Cybercab deliveries to customers outside Tesla's fleet.

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