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美光交出540亿美元创纪录季报,撞上存储板块1.3万亿美元市值蒸发;近35%销售额锁定至2030年

美光刚把客户锁定到2030年,承诺每年推出新一代高带宽内存(HBM),交出创纪录季度业绩;但10月里,市场已抹去存储板块超过1万亿美元的市值。这两个事实之间的落差,正是交易机会所在。

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Richard TangRichard Tang · 3 min read
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2022年10月,美光董事长、总裁兼首席执行官桑杰·梅赫罗特拉向美国总统拜登介绍公司拟在雪城地区建设的晶圆厂园区。
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2022年10月,美光董事长、总裁兼首席执行官桑杰·梅赫罗特拉向美国总统拜登介绍公司拟在雪城地区建设的晶圆厂园区。如今,他的公司刚交出540亿美元的创纪录季度,市值却被抹去4110亿美元。

存储业务难得如此景气,其股票却难得跌得如此之狠。美光+2.35% — 美光, up 2.35 percent today第四财季实现创纪录业绩,营收540亿美元,运营利润率超过80%,随后于10月21日在一场网络研讨会上承诺,2030年前每年推出新一代HBM51。

市场的回应,是将内存与存储板块的市值从2026年高点抹去1.3万亿美元,其中美光占4110亿美元;雅虎财经一篮子59只芯片股中,58只在10月下跌2。两个事实都成立,问题在于:价格弄错的究竟是哪一个。

创纪录是台阶,不是尖峰

AI内存需求持续累积,美光营收两个季度增长逾一倍

0B20B40B60B24财年Q425财年Q125财年Q225财年Q325财年Q426财年Q126财年Q226财年Q354.23B
Data
营收
24财年Q48.71B
25财年Q18.05B
25财年Q29.3B
25财年Q311.32B
25财年Q413.64B
26财年Q123.86B
26财年Q241.46B
26财年Q354.23B
美光按财季计的季度营收(单位:亿美元),数据来自美光向美国证券交易委员会(SEC)提交的文件。截至2026年9月的财季即创纪录的第四财季。资料来源:company_series、美光SEC文件。8

美光的技术路线图本身就在论证一件事:AI需求改变的不只是内存的销量,更是内存的定义。2028年起的垂直HBM,目标是以每比特低于1皮焦耳的能耗实现约2TB/s带宽;GPU可直接访问的闪存,可让AI系统触达大得多的数据池,而无需全部按HBM的价格付费;DDR6和LPDDR6优先面向AI数据中心设计,Meta−1.36% — Meta, down 1.36 percent today被列为LPDDR6部署伙伴17。

这正是常见解读略过的一环:内存正从标准化元器件转向工程化子系统,而工程化子系统的设计导入来得更早——美光称,战略客户协议目前已覆盖2030年前近35%的销售额1。

锁定到2030年,对上按2027年终结定价的周期

美光预计,供给紧张将持续到2028财年1;SK海力士+3.73% — SK海力士, up 3.73 percent today自家研究也持同样判断,指出其股价预期市盈率为4.8倍,"按2027年终结的周期定价",而在美光看来,这种紧张还要多延续一年6。上周五,SK海力士又搁置了Solidigm的原将为美国新增NAND产能融资的闪存IPO,用LYNX Equity Strategies的话说,此举消除了"新增产能涌入全球NAND闪存供给"的压力3。

不利于这一判断的,是内部人动向。美光高管六个月内进行了261笔公开市场交易,全部为卖出、零买入,其中CEO桑杰·梅赫罗特拉卖出约1.82亿美元5。在利润创纪录之际卖出,并不能证明股价见顶;这类卖盘本是持股的成本,早已体现在薪酬与期权之中。分析师目标价中位数为1500美元,Cantor与巴克莱−1.45% — 巴克莱, down 1.45 percent today给出2000美元5,而美光这只股票刚被本轮暴跌重挫。

本周财报将见分晓

下一批数据即将出炉:SK海力士将于10月28日发布财报,点名的触发因素是股东回报计划6;闪迪周四接棒,美光则要等到12月。假如HBM需求真的在见顶回落,最先显现的会是这些数字,而不是10月的行情。投资者应对照2030年的锁定来读这些数字,而不是对照这轮暴跌6。

这条链条很清楚:AI系统每一美元算力所需的内存越来越多,内存厂商把这种需求转化为创纪录的利润率,利润率又反过来为技术路线图提供资金。缺失的一环是客户订单。已锁定的近35%是真实需求;其余的,仍是市场对这轮AI建设潮的看法。至于其中还有多少会转化为真实需求,就看12月的财报了。

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