威瑞森给星链的手机威胁“标价”:5000亿美元、8万座铁塔;FCC 10月29日投票

威瑞森掌门人给星链追平自家网络开出5000亿美元的价码,并设定了以年计的时限。本月真正牵动行情的,是FCC 10月29日的表决,以及被这轮抛售忽略的AI光纤需求。

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Richard TangRichard Tang · 3 min read
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威瑞森首席执行官丹·舒尔曼的公司官方肖像照
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威瑞森首席执行官丹·舒尔曼对投资者表示,星链要建成与其相当的网络,最多需要8万座铁塔和5000亿美元。

丹·舒尔曼曾执掌贝宝(PayPal),如今执掌威瑞森(Verizon)−3.28% — 威瑞森(Verizon), down 3.28 percent today。在周一的财报电话会议上,他整场都在给对手“定价”——这个对手本月已让美国三大运营商的股价跌去约一成 1。他表示,要建成与威瑞森相当的网络,最多需要8万座大型铁塔 1。这项建设要在6至8年内累计投入5000亿美元 1。

随后,威瑞森业绩超出市场预期并上调了业绩指引,后付费手机用户新增40.6万,创五年来最佳季度,但股价当天仍收跌 2 6。市场给一张尚不存在的网络定了价。

SpaceX买下的是覆盖,不是容量

10月8日敲定的这笔收购范围有限:SpaceX从投资机构Grain Management手中买下覆盖全美的一组800MHz低频段频谱,据报道作价约80亿美元 3。低频段信号能穿透墙壁,属于覆盖层;人口密集市场的容量仍要靠地面无线设备提供,正因如此,SpaceX−0.03% — SpaceX, down 0.03 percent today自己的监管申报文件里描述的,是架设在铁塔和屋顶上的天线 3。马斯克计划部署大量依托星链设施的小型基站,而非传统铁塔,并称这笔收购是频谱拼图的最后一块 3 4。

差距是数年的铁塔建设,以及零售与计费体系

舒尔曼这笔账算到最后,星链拥有的将是与今天威瑞森“基本相同的网络和相同的成本结构” 1。SpaceX总裁格温·肖特维尔的目标是2028年初在星链自有频谱上开通服务,这一时间点已经推迟过一次 5。据彭博社报道,SpaceX租赁数万个基站站址的谈判在10月23日再度令运营商股价下挫 5。

最先惠及用户的,是那些建塔始终收不回成本的地方的覆盖:T-Mobile的卫星短信服务已经跑在星链上 5。而在贡献威瑞森约98%收入的地方,一束卫星波束覆盖的是广袤地域,城市网络却能将频率分块复用;该用来检验双方说法的,是这条物理规律,而非铁塔数量 1。

本月的决定权在FCC

10月29日,FCC将表决是否再向手机直连卫星服务开放482兆赫频谱,即便通过,也只会开启公开征求意见程序 5。Grain Management这笔交易仍需FCC批准,与此同时,各家运营商正游说FCC,要求把卫星挡在自家5G频段之外 5。

在位运营商的公开表态并不一致:AT&T−0.38% — AT&T, down 0.38 percent today的约翰·斯坦基不会因“一家低频段频谱持有者”而“过度反应”,舒尔曼则假定SpaceX所说的每一件事都会兑现 1。这场博弈牵涉的资金远不止运营商,还延伸到SpaceX的股份,以及据报道正参与站址谈判的铁塔业主Crown Castle+1.74% — Crown Castle, up 1.74 percent as of its last quote 5。

抛售潮漏算了AI买家

同一天上午,威瑞森签署了逾20亿美元的光纤连接协议,客户是承载AI工作负载的亚马逊云服务(AWS)+0.44% — 亚马逊云服务(AWS), up 0.44 percent today数据中心 6。今年7月,威瑞森还与谷歌敲定一笔逾10亿美元的暗光纤(dark fiber)交易 6。AI算力离不开光纤,而光纤就握在运营商手里。

瑞银分析师约翰·霍杜利克预计这笔频谱收购将获得批准,但他同时认为,SpaceX仍需数年才能形成规模,对行业的近期影响有限 4。威胁是真实的,但为时尚远;光纤收入却已近在眼前。本月,做决定的是FCC,而不是盘面。

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